Methods of preventing the transmission of communicable diseases in livestock

ABSTRACT

A composition that includes ethylhexyl sulfate or a salt thereof, an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid or a salt thereof, and a carrier. The composition can be used for killing or inhibiting a microorganism or pathogen (e.g., bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, enteric bacteria, virus, fungus, mold, mildew or powdery mildew), located on a topical surface of an animal, located on a surface of an object that will contact a topical surface of an animal, or a combination thereof, wherein the microorganism or pathogen is associated with the transmission of communicable diseases.

PRIORITY

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/573,704, filed Oct. 3, 2012, which application claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/542,359, filed on Oct. 3, 2011, which applications are incorporated by reference herein their entirety.

SUMMARY

The compositions described herein are effective in killing or diminishing a variety of organisms or pathogens (such as bacteria, mold, yeast, fungus and/or virus), specifically associated with communicable diseases. The compositions have been found to be food grade, readily biodegradable, environmentally friendly, non-corrosive and/or inert. The compositions are biodegradable in that they can be disposed of using normal septic or municipal sewage facilities according to local and state regulations. In addition to being safe for topical use with humans and livestock, the compositions upon topical application can either be rinsed off with water, or can safely be left unrinsed for a residual effect. The compositions are also compatible with other substances, e.g., chlorine (at recommended dilute levels), typically used in sanitizing livestock related equipment and products. The compositions also comply with the relevant Federal Rules and Regulations, e.g., 40 CFR 180.910(EPA), 40 CFR 180.920 (EPA), 40 CFR 180.940 (EPA) and/or 21 CFR 173.315 (FDA).

The present invention provides a method of preventing or diminishing the occurrence of the transmission of a communicable disease capable of being transmitted by physical contact. The present invention also provides a method of reducing the number of microbes located upon a topical skin surface of an animal, wherein the microbes are associated with the transmission of a communicable disease. The present invention also provides a method of reducing the number of microbes located upon a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal, wherein the microbes are associated with the transmission of a communicable disease. The present invention also provides a method of washing a topical skin surface of an animal. The present invention also provides a method of washing a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal. The present invention also provides a method of disinfecting a topical skin surface of an animal. The present invention also provides a method of disinfecting a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal.

The method includes contacting a topical skin surface of an animal, or contacting a surface that in normal use will contact a topical skin surface of an animal, with an effective amount of a composition that includes: (a) ethylhexyl sulfate of the formula

or a salt thereof;

(b) an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid of the formula

or a salt thereof, wherein n is about 5 to about 20; and

(c) an acceptable carrier.

In specific embodiments, the amount of composition is effective to prevent or diminishing the occurrence of the transmission of a communicable disease.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The compositions described herein are effective against a variety of organisms, such as bacteria, mold, yeast, fungus and/or virus. Additionally, the compositions described herein rapidly (e.g., in 30 seconds or less) kill those pathogens associated with the transmission of communicable diseases on, for example, surfaces that routinely come into contact with humans and livestock. The presently disclosed subject matter includes the use of a composition that includes ethylhexyl sulfate or a salt thereof, an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid or a salt thereof, and a carrier. The ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of at least about 1:2. That is, based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least about a half (i.e., 50%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof.

In a specific embodiment, the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of least about 1:1. That is, based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least about equal (i.e., 100%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof.

In a more specific embodiment, the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 3:1. That is, based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least a half (i.e., 50%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof; and is no more than about three times (i.e., 300%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof.

In a more specific embodiment, the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 2:1. That is, based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least about a half (i.e., 50%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof; and is no more than about two times (i.e., 200%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof.

In a more specific embodiment, the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 1.5:1. That is, based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least about a half (i.e., 50%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof; and is no more than about one and a half times (i.e., 150%) that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof.

Ethylhexyl sulfate refers to a compound of the formula

Sodium ethylhexyl sulfate, CAS Reg. No. 126-92-1, alternatively known as NAS 08 or NIAPROOF 08, is present in NIAPROOF anionic surfactant 08 in 38.5-40 wt. %. NIAPROOF anionic surfactant 08 also includes sodium chloride (1.5-2.5 wt. %) and the balance of water. NIAPROOF anionic surfactant 08 is commercially available from Niacet Corp. (Niagara Falls, N.Y.).

An alkylbenzenesulfonic acid refers to a compound of the formula

wherein n is about 5 to about 20. In specific embodiments, n will have an average value of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20. In further specific embodiments, n will have an average value of about 8 to about 12. In further specific embodiments, n will have an average value of about 9 to about 11. Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (C₁₀-C₁₆), CAS Reg. No. 68584-22-5, is present in Calsoft® LAS-99 and Bio-Soft® S-101 in over 95.5%. Benzene and other aromatic derivatives are also present in Calsoft® LAS-99 and Bio-Soft® S-101 in 2%. Additionally, sulfuric acid (1.3%) is present in Calsoft® LAS-99 and Bio-Soft® S-101. Bio-Soft® S-101 is commercially available from Stepan Co. (Northfield, Ill.). Calsoft® LAS-99 is commercially available from Pilot Chemical Company (Cincinnati, Ohio).

Carrier

The composition includes a carrier. A carrier refers to a substance in which the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, can be dissolved into or mixed with. Any suitable and effective carrier can be employed, provided the carrier is stable over the periods of time typically encountered with the manufacturing, shipping and storage of the composition. Additionally, the carrier will preferably be chemically and physically compatible with the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof

In a specific embodiment, the carrier includes at least one of water, ethanol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, triacetin, 1,3-propane diol, 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, glycerol ricinoleate, PEG-6 caprylic/capric glycerides, caprylic/capric triglycerides, propyleneglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate, neopentyl alcohol,1-hexademayol,hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, vitamin E, vitamin E acetate, deoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate, BigCHAP, cholic acid, cholesterol NF, propylene carbonate, lecithin, and salts thereof In a more specific embodiment, the carrier includes water.

Base

In specific embodiments, the composition can optionally further include a base. The base can be an organic base or an inorganic base. The base, when present in the composition, will effectively produce one or more hydroxyl ions (OH⁻). In a specific embodiment, the base can include at least one of a lithium ion (Li⁺), a sodium ion (Na⁺), a potassium ion (K⁺), a calcium ion (Ca²⁺), and a barium ion (Ba⁺). More specifically, the base can include at least one of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

The base can be present in any suitable and appropriate amount. For example, the base can be present in an amount, such that the pH of the composition is above about 6. Specifically, the base can be present in an amount, such that the pH of the composition is, e.g., about 6 to about 13. More specifically, the base can be present in an amount, such that the pH of the composition is, e.g., about 7 to about 9, or about 7 to about 8.5. Additionally, the base can be employed, e.g., not to adjust the pH above 7 (i.e., neutral pH), but to neutralize, or partially neutralize, acid present in the composition. For example, the base can be employed to neutralize, or partially neutralize the sulfurinc acid present from the Bio-Soft S-101.

The amount of base can depend, e.g., upon the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof. For example, the base (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or combination thereof) can be present in a weight ratio of less than about 1:4, relative to the ethylhexyl sulfate, or suitable salt thereof.

Sodium Chloride

The commercial product NIAPROOF 08 currently includes sodium chloride (1.5-2.5 wt. %). As such, when the current formulation of NIAPROOF 08 is employed as the source of the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, sodium chloride will be present in the composition. Alternatively, when the current formulation of NIAPROOF 08 is not employed as the source of the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, sodium chloride can be included within the composition, or the sodium chloride can be omitted from the composition.

When present, the sodium chloride can be present in up to about 5 wt. % of the composition, up to about 1 wt. % of the composition or up to about 0.1 wt. % of the composition.

Acid

The commercial product Bio-Soft S-101 currently includes sulfurinc acid (1.3%). As such, when the current formulation of Bio-Soft S-101 is employed as the source of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, sulfuric acid will be present in the composition. The sulfuric acid can be present in the free acid form, or can be used to neutralize any base present in the composition. Alternatively, when the current formulation of Bio-Soft S-101 is not employed as the source of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, sulfuric acid can be included within the composition, or the sulfuric acid can be omitted from the composition. Likewise, other suitable acids (e.g., lactic acid) can be employed in the composition.

When present, each of the acids can independently be present in up to about 5 wt. % of the composition, up to about 1 wt. % of the composition or up to about 0.1 wt. % of the composition.

Disinfectant

The composition can optionally further include a disinfectant. Additionally, the methods described herein can further include the use of a disinfectant, in combination with the composition described herein. In such a situation, the use of the disinfectant can be concurrent with the use of the composition, or can be sequential with the use of the composition.

The disinfectant can be any substance that effectively inhibits or kills a microorganism. Specific disinfectants include, e.g., chlorine dioxide, chlorine gas, or any substance that would effectively generate chlorine gas, e.g., upon contact with the composition described herein. Additional specific disinfectants include e.g., ozone (O₃), lactic acid, ultraviolet light, peroxides, peracetic acid (peroxyacetic acid, or PAA), potassium sorbate and lactic acid.

Formulation

The composition can be formulated into any suitable and effective formulation. Specific formulations include, e.g., creams, gels, pastes, ointments, lotions, fluid liquids liquid soaps, and aerosol sprays.

Alternatively, the composition can be physically present in a wipe. The wipe can include a flexible cloth, wherein the composition is positioned (i.e., located) on at least a portion of a surface of the flexible cloth. The flexible cloth can be manufactured from any suitable and effective materials. For example, the flexible cloth can include a non-woven fabric. Specifically, the flexible cloth can include at least one of polycellulose fibers, polyester fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyamide fibers, cotton fibers, copolyester fibers and films. Additionally, the composition can be at least partially embedded in at least a portion of the flexible cloth.

Antibiotic Agent

The composition can optionally further include an antibiotic agent. Suitable specific antibiotic agents include, e.g., cilastatin, clavulanic acid, folinic acid, probenecid, pyridoxine, sulbactam, dapsone, ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin, streptomycin, capreomycin, ethionamide, para aminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, imipenam, meropenem, cilistatin, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalexin, cephalothin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefonicid, cefoxitin, cefuroxine, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, cefepine, bacitracin, vancomycin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, benzathine, penicillin g, penicillin v, ampicillin, carbenicillin indamyl, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, floxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, colistmethate, polymixin b, trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole, mafenide, sulfadiazine, sodium sulfacetamide, sulfacytine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, spectinomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythrmoycin, erythromycin estolate, spiramycin, chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, griseofulvin, potassium iodide, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, amphotericin b, nystatin, niclosamide, nifurtimox, piperazine, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, thiabendazole, amodiaquine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine, pyrimethamine, quinidine gluconate, fansidar, diloxanide furoate, melarsoprol, nifurtimox, paromomycin, pentamidine, sodium stibogluconate, suramin, metronidazole, foscarnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, foscarnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, and salts thereof.

The antibiotic agent can be present in the composition in any suitable and effective amount, provided the antibiotic agent affectively inhibits or kills the desired bacterium. Specific exemplary amounts include, e.g., up to about 10 wt. % of the composition, up to about 5 wt. % of the composition, or up to about 1 wt. % of the composition.

Antiviral Agent

The composition can optionally further include an antiviral agent. Suitable specific antiviral agents include, e.g., Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia, E. pallida, E. purpurea), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Garlic (Allium sativum), Lemon balm (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus), eyebright (Euphrasiazs officinalis), sage (salvia officinalis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), nettles (Urtica dioica), peppermint (menthe piperiya), ephedra (Ephedra sinica), marshmallow root (Althea officinalis), mullein leaves or flowers (Verbascum spp.), plantain leaf (Plantago lanceolata, P. major), licorice root, thyme (Thymus vulgaris), boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), catnip (Nepeta cataria), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), elder flower (Sambucus nigra, S. mayadenis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginko biloba, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), zinc, lysine, foscarnet, 3-deoxythmidin-2-ene, dideoxycytosine, dideoxyinosine, lamivudine, azidothymidine, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, acyclovir, idoxuridine, ribavirin, vidarabine, amantidine, rinantidine, viracea, cytovene, famciclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, hexadecylosypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV), nonoxynol-9, docosanol (n-docosanol, 1-docosanol, or behenyl alcohol; which is a saturated 22-carbon straight-chain alcohol), triacontanol, and salts thereof.

The antiviral agent can be present in the composition in any suitable and effective amount, provided the antiviral agent affectively inhibits or kills the desired virus. Specific exemplary amounts include, e.g., up to about 10 wt. % of the composition, up to about 5 wt. % of the composition, or up to about 1 wt. % of the composition.

Antimicrobial Agent or Preservative

The composition can optionally further include an antimicrobial agent or preservative. Suitable specific antimicrobial agents or preservatives include, e.g., quat-15, a paraben, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, ethylene diamine tetreacetic acid, formaldehyde, gum benzoin, imidazolidinyl urea, phenyl-mercuric acetate, poly aminopropyl biguanide, proply gallate, sorbic acid, cresol, chloroacetamide sodium benzoate, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolinone, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolon, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolinone benzalkonium chloride, an octylisothiazolinone benzimidazol-compound, chloromethyl-methylisothiazolinone octylisothiazolinone, o-phenylphenol benzisothiazolinone, o-phenylphenol benzisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone, an aliphatic amine of 2-thiopyridineoxide, benzoic acid, editic acid, phenolic acid, benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzenethonium chloride, bronopol, cetrimide, chlorohexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric borate, phenylmercuric nitrate, potassium sorbate, proplyene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, thimerosol, and salts thereof.

The antimicrobial agent or preservative can be present in the composition in any suitable and effective amount, provided the antimicrobial agent or preservative affectively inhibits or kills the microorganism. Specific exemplary amounts include, e.g., up to about 10 wt. % of the composition, up to about 5 wt. % of the composition, or up to about 1 wt. % of the composition.

Skin Protectant

The composition can optionally further include a skin protectant. The skin protectant can act as a topical humectant, a topical conditioner, or combination thereof. Suitable specific skin protectants include, e.g., aloe, lanolin, glycerin, calamine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, allantoin, aluminum hydroxide gel, bismuth subnitrate, boric acid, calamine, cocoa butter, dimethicone, kaolin, live yeast cell derivative, petrolatum, pyridoxine hydrochloride, shark liver oil, sodium bicarbonate, sulfur, tannic acid, topical starch, trolamine, white petrolatum, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and shea butter.

The skin protectant can be present in the composition in any suitable and effective amount, provided the skin protectant imparts the desired conditioning and/or moisturizing effect. Specific exemplary amounts include, e.g., up to about 10 wt. % of the composition, up to about 5 wt. % of the composition, or up to about 1 wt. % of the composition.

In various embodiments, the composition described herein can further optionally include one or more of a gelling agent (e.g., a synthetic polymer of acrylic acid), an antiseptic (e.g., at least one of a (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups such as ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, erythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and/or sorbitol), a fragrance, a coloring agent, and an essential oil.

In various embodiments, the composition described herein can effectively kill or inhibit a microorganism or pathogen, wherein the microorganism or pathogen is contacted with an effective amount of the composition, for a period of time effective to kill or inhibit the microorganism or pathogen. In specific embodiments, the contacting can occur on the surface of an animal (e.g., human or livestock).

Methods of Making the Compositions

The composition described herein can be prepared by any of the applicable techniques of chemical formulations. Many such techniques are well known in the art. For example, each of the substances of the composition can be contacted with each other, and subsequently mixed, stirred, shaken or otherwise agitated, to achieve a relatively homogeneous mixture.

Utility

The composition described herein can be used, e.g., to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease capable of being transmitted by physical contact, to reduce the number of microbes (associated with the transmission of a communicable disease) located upon a topical skin surface of an animal, and to reduce the number of microbes (associated with the transmission of a communicable disease) located upon a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal. As such, while the composition described herein can be used, e.g., for the antiseptic cleansing of a topical surface of a human or other animal, the composition described herein can be used, e.g., to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease capable of being transmitted by physical contact.

The composition described herein can be applied in any suitable and effective manner. Specifically, the composition can be formulated for application to the intended surface by contacting, dipping, spraying and/or coating the composition to the intended surface.

The presently disclosed subject matter provides for a method of killing or inhibiting a microorganism or pathogen. As used herein, “killing” bacteria refers to bacteria that has been inhibited or inactivated (no longer pathogenic) or killed, as well as removed from the surface of interest (due to, for example, washing with a composition disclosed herein) and thus results in a reduced bacterial count. The method includes contacting the microorganism or pathogen with an effective amount of the composition described herein, for a period of time effective to kill or inhibit the microorganism or pathogen.

The contacting of the microorganism or pathogen with the effective amount of the composition can be in vitro or in vivo. Additionally, the contacting can occur on the surface of the animal (e.g., topical surface of a human). The compositions can be used to prevent the transmission of any one or more of the following communicable diseases or disorders:

Viral Human Infectious Diseases:

-   -   AIDS related complex     -   Chickenpox (Varicella)     -   Common cold     -   Dengue fever Ebola haemorrhagic fever     -   Hand, foot and mouth disease     -   Hepatitis A     -   Hepatitis B     -   Hepatitis C     -   Hepatitis     -   Herpes simplex     -   Herpes zoster     -   HPV     -   Infectious mononucleosis     -   Influenza (Flu)     -   Lassa fever     -   Marburg haemorrhagic fever     -   Measles     -   Mumps     -   Norovirus     -   Poliomyelitis     -   Rabies     -   Rotavirus     -   Rubella     -   SARS     -   Smallpox (Variola)     -   Viral encephalitis     -   Viral gastroenteritis     -   Viral gastroenteritis     -   Viral meningitis.     -   Viral pneumonia         Fungal Infectious human diseases:     -   Aspergillosis     -   Blastomycosis     -   Candidiasis     -   Coccidioidomycosis arthroconidia.     -   Cryptococcosis     -   Histoplasmosis     -   Tinea pedis

Bacterial Infectious Human Diseases:

-   -   Anthrax     -   Bacterial meningitis     -   Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxicity)     -   Brucellosis     -   Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter infection)     -   Campylobacteriosis (Cat scratch disease)     -   Cholera (Vibrio cholerae infection)     -   Cholera Diphtheria.     -   Clostridium botulinum     -   Clostridium perfringens     -   Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli     -   E. coli     -   Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli     -   Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)     -   Epidemic Typhus     -   Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing         Escherichia coli (STEC)     -   Gonorrhea     -   H. pylori     -   Helicobacter pylori     -   Impetigo     -   Legionellosis     -   Leprosy (Hansen's disease)     -   Leptospirosis     -   Listeriosis (Listeria infection)     -   Lyme disease.     -   Melioidosis     -   MRSA infection     -   Nocardiosis     -   Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium species     -   Pertussis (Whooping cough)     -   Plague     -   Pneumococcal pneumonia     -   Psittacosis     -   Q fever     -   Rat-bite fever     -   Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever     -   Salmonella     -   Salmonella enteritidis     -   Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever)     -   Salmonellosis (Salmonella infection)     -   Scarlet fever     -   Shigellosis (Shigella infection)     -   Staphylococcus food poisoning (Staphylococcus aureus)     -   Syphilis     -   Trachoma     -   Traveler's diarrhea     -   Tuberculosis     -   Tularemia     -   Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi infection)     -   Typhus     -   Vibrio parahaemolyticus     -   Vibrio vulnificus     -   Yersinia (Yersinia enterocolitica infection)     -   Yersinia enterocolitica

Livestock Diseases (Sheep, Cattle, Pigs Goats, Etc):

African horse sickness

African swine fever

Anaplasmosis in tick free areas

Anthrax

Aujeszky's disease

Australian bat lyssavirus

Avian Influenza

Avian tuberculosis

Babesiosis in tick free areas

Bluetongue (clinical disease)

Boma disease

Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Type 2

Brucellosis (B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis and B. melitensis)

Camelpox

Chagas' disease (T. cruzi)

Classical swine fever

Contagious agalactia

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Contagious equine metritis

Crimean Congo Haemhorragic Fever

Cysticercus bovis (Taenia saginata)

Devil Facial Tumour Disease

Dourine

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague)

Duck virus hepatitis

East Coast Fever (Theileria parva) and Mediterranean Theilerosis (Theileria annulata)

Encephalitides (tick-borne)

Enzootic bovine leucosis

Epizootic haemhorragic disease (clinical disease)

Epizootic lymphangitis

Enzootic abortion of ewes

Equine encephalomyelitis (eastern, western and Venezuelan)

Equine encephalosis

Equine herpes-virus 1—(abortigenic and neurological strains)

Equine infectious anaemia

Equine influenza

Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi and Theileria equi)

Equine viral arteritis

Foot and mouth disease

Fowl typhoid

Getah virus infection

Glanders

Haemorrhagic septicaemia

Heartwater

Hendra virus infection

Infectious bursal disease (hypervirulent and exotic antigenic variant forms)

Japanese encephalitis

Jembrana disease

Leishmaniosis of any species

Louping ill

Lumpy skin disease

Maedi-visna

Malignant catarrhal fever—(wildebeest-associated)

Menangle virus infection

Nairobi sheep disease

Newcastle disease (virulent)

Nipah virus infection

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)

Peste des petits ruminants

Porcine enterovirus encephalomyelitis (Teschen)

Porcine cysticercosis (C. cellulosae)

Porcine myocarditis (Bungowannah virus infection)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome

Potomac fever

Pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum)

Pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte)

Rabies

Rift Valley fever

Rinderpest

Salmonella enteritidis infection in poultry

Salmonellosis (S. abortus-equi)

Salmonellosis (S. abortus-ovis)

Sheep pox and goat pox

Sheep scab

Surra (Trypanosoma evansi)

Swine influenza

Swine vesicular disease

Transmissible gastroenteritis

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease of deer, feline spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie)

Trichinellosis

Trypanosomosis (tsetse fly associated)

Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis)

Tularaemia

Turkey rhinotracheitis (avian metapneumovirus)

Vesicular exanthema

Vesicular stomatitis

Wesselsbron disease

West Nile virus infection—clinical

In specific embodiments, the composition described herein is used for application to animals for any one or more of the following applications:

-   -   Actinobacillus     -   Actinomyces pyogenes.     -   Actinomyces,     -   Actinomycosis—skin involvement     -   Alopecia (hair loss)     -   Alopecia areata     -   Anaemia     -   Anagen defluxation     -   ANAPLASMOSIS     -   Angiomatosis (Hemangioma)     -   Anthrax     -   Arthritis     -   Atypical Myoglobinuria     -   Atypical Myopathy     -   Aural Plaque     -   Auto-immune     -   Azoturia     -   Back & Neck Problems     -   Baldy calf syndrome     -   Behavioural Problems     -   BHV1 (IBR)—muzzle and nostrils, possibly scrotum.     -   BHV1 (infectious vulvovaginitis)—on genitalia     -   BLACKLEG     -   Bleeders     -   BLOAT     -   Bluetongue     -   Bone Cysts     -   Borreliosis     -   Bovine dermatotrophic herpesvirus (pseudo-lumpy skin)     -   Bovine herpes mamillitis     -   Bovine papular stomatitis     -   Bovine viral papillomatosis     -   Brucellosis     -   BSE     -   Buckskin Holsteins     -   BVD     -   BVDv     -   CALF SCOURS     -   Calliphorine myiasis) (Blowflies)     -   CANCER EYE     -   Cancer Colic     -   Chlorinated naphthalene toxicosis (X disease)     -   Chorioptic (Chorioptes bovis)     -   COCCIDIOSIS     -   Collagen Necrosis     -   Combustiones, congelationes (physical causes)     -   Contact dermatitis     -   COPD—C.O.P.D Corneal Ulcer     -   Cough     -   Cowpox     -   Cracked Hoof     -   Crib Biting—     -   Cribbing     -   Crust (dried solid accumulation, including blood, pus)     -   Cryptorchidism     -   Cryptosporidiosis     -   Cushings Disease     -   Damalinia bovis     -   Demodectic (Demodex)     -   Dermancentor reticulatus     -   Dermatitis     -   Dermatitis     -   Dermatophilosis     -   Dermatophilosis (Streptothricosis)     -   Dermatophilus     -   Dermatophilus (uncommon)     -   Dermatosparaxis (cutaneous asthenia) (Hereditary collagen         dysplasia)     -   Diarrhoea     -   DJD     -   DOMS     -   Dysautonomia Fibrous Dysplasia     -   Epitheliogenesis imperfecta (aplasia cutis)     -   Erosion (loss of superficial epidermis)     -   Escherichia coli     -   Excoriation (erosion and deeper ulcers—traumatic)     -   Exema     -   EXTERNAL PARASITES     -   Fibropapillomas     -   Fissure (split in superficial layers, caused by dring)     -   Fistulous Withers     -   Flies     -   FOOT AND MOUTH     -   FOOT ROT     -   Gangrene     -   Gastric Ulcer     -   Grass Sickness     -   GRASS TETANY     -   Greasy Heel     -   Guttural Pouch     -   Haematoma     -   Haematopinus eurysternus     -   Haemophysialis punctata     -   Herpes—Equine Herpes     -   Hives     -   Hoof Abscess     -   Hoof Quality     -   Hormonal Problems     -   Hydrotoea     -   Hyperkeratosis     -   Hypoderma bovis, H.lineatum     -   Hypodermiasis (warbles, grubs)     -   hypotrichosis     -   Hypotrichosis as BVDv-     -   IBR     -   Ichthyosis fetalis     -   Ichtyosis congenita     -   Infertility     -   Influenza     -   Insolatio, siriasis (physical causes)     -   INTERNAL PARASITES     -   Ixodes ricinis     -   JOHNE'S DISEASE     -   Keratosis (overgrowth of dry horny keratinised epithelium)     -   Klebsiellosis     -   LEPTO     -   Leptospirosis     -   Leukotrichia and leukoderma     -   Lice causing skin disease (GB) Sucking:     -   Linognathus vituli     -   Lipomatosis     -   Listeriosis     -   Louse infestation     -   Lucilia sericata     -   LUMPY JAW     -   Lyme Disease     -   Lymphangitis     -   Lymphosarcoma     -   Malignant catarrhal fever     -   Mange (Chorioptic, Demodectic, Psoroptic)     -   Mastitis     -   Mastocytosis     -   Melanoma     -   Melanomas     -   Microsporum gypseum, narium, canis     -   Monorchidism     -   Moonblindness     -   Morrelia simplex     -   Mud Fever     -   Musca autumnalis     -   Mycobacterium kansasii     -   Myoglobinuria Navel ill     -   Navicular     -   Neoplastic skin diseases     -   NEOSPOROSIS     -   Nodular Skin Disease     -   OCD     -   Ophthalmia     -   Osteomyelitis     -   Papular stomatitis     -   Parakeratosis     -   parakeratosis (lethal trait A46)     -   Paralysis     -   Paravaccinia scrotal infections of bulls     -   Pedal Ostitis     -   Periodic Ophthalmia     -   Phormia terranovae     -   Photosensitisation     -   Photosensitising diseases (types 1-4)     -   Pigment changes (hyper/hypo pigmentation)     -   PINKEYE     -   Polybrominated biphenyls toxicosis     -   Proud Flesh     -   Pseudocowpox     -   Pseudorabies (Auj)     -   Psoroptic (Psoroptes)     -   Q Fever     -   Quittor     -   Rabies     -   Rain Scald     -   RAO—Recurrent Airway Obstruction     -   Recurrent Uveitis—ERU Retained Testicle     -   Rhabdomyolysis     -   Ringbone—Ring Bone     -   Ringworm     -   Rug Sores     -   Saddle Sores     -   Saddling Problems     -   Salmonella dublin septicaemia (calves)     -   Salmonellosis     -   Sand Crack Sandcrack     -   Sarcoids     -   Sarcoptic (Sarcoptes)     -   Scale (accumulated loose fragments of superficial layers)     -   Scar (fibrous tissue replacing damaged skin)     -   Scour     -   Seedy Toe     -   Sesamoiditis     -   Set Fast—Setfast     -   Shigellosis     -   Solenopotes capillatus     -   Splints (Equine Splints)     -   Squamous Cell Carcinomas     -   Staphylococcal     -   Stephanofilariasis     -   Stomach Ulcer     -   Strangles     -   SubQ abscesses/fistulae may arise, thick honey exudate.     -   SubQ edema     -   SubQ emphysema     -   SubQ hematoma     -   Sunburn     -   Suspensory     -   Sweeney     -   Sweet Itch—Sweetitch     -   Teething     -   Thermal injury (sun, fire, frostbite)     -   Thrush     -   Tick-borne diseases     -   Tooth Abscess     -   TRICHOMONIASIS     -   Trichophytiasis (fungal)     -   Trichophyton terrucosum, metagrophytes, equinum     -   Tuberculosis     -   Ulcer—Ulceration     -   Ulcer (erosion penetrating basement membrane of epid)     -   Undescended Testicle     -   Urine or fecal scalding     -   Urticaria     -   Urticaria (allergic)     -   Urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis     -   Uveitis     -   Vaccination Problems Virus     -   Vesicular Stomatitis     -   VIBRIOSIS     -   VitC deficiency in calves     -   Warts     -   White Line Separation     -   Wind Sucking     -   Wobbler     -   WOODEN TONGUE     -   Wounds

Enumerated Embodiments

Specific enumerated embodiments [1] to [31] provided below are for illustration purposes only, and do not otherwise limit the scope of the disclosed subject matter, as defined by the claims. These enumerated embodiments encompass all combinations, sub-combinations, and multiply referenced (e.g., multiply dependent) combinations described therein.

[1.] A method comprising contacting a topical surface of an animal, a surface that contacts a topical surface of an animal, or a combination thereof, with an effective amount of a composition comprising:

(a) ethylhexyl sulfate of the formula

or a salt thereof;

(b) an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid of the formula

or a salt thereof, wherein n is about 5 to about 20; and

(c) an acceptable carrier.

[2.] The method of embodiment [1], wherein the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of about at least about 1:1, such that based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least equal to that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof. [3.] The method of embodiment [1], wherein the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of at least about 1:2, such that based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is at least about half that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof. [4.] The method of embodiment [1], wherein the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof, and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof, are present in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 2:1, such that based upon a weight basis, the amount of ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof is from at about half to about twice that of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, or salt thereof. [5.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[4], wherein n has an average value of about 9 to about 11. [6.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[5], wherein the composition further comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. [7.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[6], wherein the composition further comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and wherein the sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or combination thereof is present in ratio of less than about 1:4, relative to the ethylhexyl sulfate, or salt thereof [8.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[7], wherein the carrier comprises water. [9.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[8], wherein the composition is manufactured from: (i) sodium 2-ethyl hexyl sulfate

(ii) sodium chloride (NaCl); (iii) alkylbenzene sulfonic acid

wherein n is about 10 to about 16; (iv) benzene (v) sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄); (vi) sodium hydroxide (NaOH); and (vii) water. [10.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[9], wherein the animal is livestock. [11.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[10], wherein the animal is a bovine, swine, or fowl. [12.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[11], wherein the composition is a gel, lotion, cream, solution, ointment, suspension or paste. [13.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease associated with at least one of a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a mold and a mildew. [14.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease associated with at least one of a gram-negative bacterium, gram-positive bacterium and an enteric bacterium. [15.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease which is a viral human infectious disease. [16.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease, which is a viral human infectious disease selected from the group consisting of AIDS related complex, chickenpox (varicella), common cold, dengue fever ebola haemorrhagic fever, hand, foot and mouth disease, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, HPV, infectious mononucleosis, influenza (flu), lassa fever, marburg haemorrhagic fever, measles, mumps, norovirus, poliomyelitis, rabies, rotavirus, rubella, SARS, smallpox (variola), viral encephalitis, viral gastroenteritis, viral gastroenteritis, viral meningitis, and viral pneumonia. [17.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease, which is a fungal infectious human disease. [18.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease, which is a fungal infectious humam disease selected from the group consisting of aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis arthroconidia, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and tinea pedis. [19.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease, which is a bacterial infectious human disease. [20.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease selected from the group consisting of anthrax, bacterial meningitis, botulism (clostridium botulinum toxicity), brucellosis, campylobacteriosis (campylobacter infection), campylobacteriosis (cat scratch disease), cholera (vibrio cholerae infection), cholera diphtheria, clostridium botulinum, clostridium perfringens, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, E. coli, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ETEC), epidemic typhus, escherichia coli, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (STEC), gonorrhea, H. pylori, helicobacter pylori, impetigo, legionellosis, leprosy (Hansen's disease), leptospirosis, listeriosis (listeria infection), Lymes disease, melioidosis, MRSA infection, nocardiosis, non-tuberculosis mycobacterium, pertussis (whooping cough), plague, pneumococcal pneumonia, psittacosis, Q fever, rat-bite fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, salmonella, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhi (typhoid fever), salmonellosis (salmonella infection), scarlet fever, shigellosis (shigella infection), staphylococcus food poisoning (staphylococcus aureus), syphilis, trachoma, traveler's diarrhea, tuberculosis, tularemia, typhoid fever, salmonella typhi infection, typhus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, yersinia (yersinia enterocolitica infection), and yersinia enterocolitica. [21.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease, which is a livestock disease. [22.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[12], wherein the contacting is carried out to prevent the transmission of a communicable disease, which is a livestock disease selected from the group consisting of African horse sickness, African swine fever, anaplasmosis in tick free areas, anthrax, Aujeszky's disease, Australian bat lyssavirus, avian influenza, avian tuberculosis, babesiosis in tick free areas, bluetongue (clinical disease), borna disease, bovine virus diarrhea type 2, brucellosis (B. abortus, B suis, B canis and B. melitensis), camelpox, chagas' disease (T. cruzi), classical swine fever, contagious agalactia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious equine metritis, crimean congo haemhorragic fever, Cysticercus bovis (Taenia saginata), Devil Facial Tumour Disease, Dourine, Duck virus enteritis (duck plague), Duck virus hepatitis, East Coast Fever (Theileria parva) and Mediterranean Theilerosis (Theileria annulata), Encephalitides (tick-borne), Enzootic bovine leucosis, Epizootic haemhorragic disease (clinical disease), Epizootic lymphangitis, Enzootic abortion of ewes, Equine encephalomyelitis (eastern, western and Venezuelan), Equine encephalosis, Equine herpes-virus 1—(abortigenic and neurological strains), Equine infectious anaemia, Equine influenza, Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi and Theileria equi), Equine viral arteritis, Foot and mouth disease, Fowl typhoid, Getah virus infection, Glanders, Haemorrhagic septicaemia, Heartwater, Hendra virus infection, Infectious bursal disease (hypervirulent and exotic antigenic variant forms), Japanese encephalitis, Jembrana disease, Leishmaniosis of any species, Louping ill, Lumpy skin disease, Maedi-visna, Malignant catarrhal fever —(wildebeest-associated), Menangle virus infection, Nairobi sheep disease, Newcastle disease (virulent), Nipah virus infection, Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), Peste des petits ruminants, Porcine enterovirus encephalomyelitis (Teschen), Porcine cysticercosis (C. cellulosae), Porcine myocarditis (Bungowannah virus infection), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome, Potomac fever, Pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum), Pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte), Rabies, Rift Valley fever, Rinderpest, Salmonella enteritidis infection in poultry, Salmonellosis (S. abortus-equi), Salmonellosis (S. abortus-ovis), Sheep pox and goat pox, Sheep scab, Surra (Trypanosoma evansi), Swine influenza, Swine vesicular disease, Transmissible gastroenteritis, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease of deer, feline spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie), Trichinellosis, Trypanosomosis (tsetse fly associated), Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis), Tularaemia, Turkey rhinotracheitis (avian metapneumovirus), Vesicular exanthema, Vesicular stomatitis, Wesselsbron disease, and West Nile virus infection. [23.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[22], wherein the topical surface is a hand or facial surface of the animal. [24.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[23], wherein the surface that contacts the topical surface of an animal is bedding material, an animal stall, an animal living area, an animal transportation area, an animal eating area, a surface of a device that is used to contain, corral or direct the animal into a specific area, or a surface of a device that is used to prevent its free movement. [25.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[24], wherein the acceptable carrier is pharmaceutically acceptable. [26.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[25], wherein the acceptable carrier is veterinary acceptable. [27.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[26], wherein the animal is a mammal. [28.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[26], wherein the animal is a fowl or poultry. [29.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[26], wherein the animal is livestock, commonly used for food, milk, hides for leather, feathers for products, or bone or bone meal for feed. [30.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[29], wherein the composition is applied by spraying, rolling, dipping or brushing. [31.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[30], wherein the composition further comprises a disinfectant selected from the group consisting of chlorine gas (Cl₂), ozone (O₃), lactic acid, ultraviolet light, peroxides, peracetic acid, potassium sorbate, lactic acid, and combinations thereof. [32.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[31], wherein the composition further comprises an antibiotic agent. [33.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[32], wherein the composition further comprises an antiviral agent. [34.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[33], wherein the composition further comprises an antimicrobial agent or preservative. [35.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[34], wherein the composition further comprises a skin protectant. [36.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[35], wherein the composition further comprises a gelling agent. [37.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[36], wherein the composition further comprises an antiseptic. [38.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[37], which prevents or diminishes the occurrence of the transmission of a communicable disease in an animal, capable of being transmitted by physical contact. [39.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[38], which reduces the number of microbes located upon a topical skin surface of an animal, wherein the microbes are associated with the transmission of a communicable disease. [40.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[39], which washes a topical skin surface of an animal. [41.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[40], which washes a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal. [42.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[41], which disinfects a topical skin surface of an animal. [43.] The method of any one of embodiments [1]-[42], which disinfects a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal.

Any patent, patent document, or reference disclosed herein is incorporated into reference into this disclosed subject matter and forms part of this disclosed subject matter. 

1-18. (canceled)
 19. A method of washing a surface that contacts a topical skin surface of an animal, the method comprising contacting the surface with an effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) ethylhexyl sulfate of the formula

or a salt thereof; (b) an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid of the formula

or a salt thereof, wherein n is about 5 to about 20; and (c) an acceptable carrier. wherein the surface that contacts the topical skin surface of an animal is bedding material, an animal stall, an animal living area, an animal transportation area, an animal eating area, a surface of a device that is used to contain, corral or direct the animal into a specific area, or a surface of a device that is used to prevent its free movement.
 20. (canceled) 